Updated 4

The Romantic Period 1798-1832

1. "But oh! that deep Romantic chasm which slanted/ Down the green hill,
athwart a cedarn cover!/ A savage place! A holy and enchanted/ As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted..."
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge

2. In 1807, Robert Fulton launched his steamboat, and, in 1814, George Stephenson built a steal locomotive. Railroads changed the face of England and steamboats shrank oceans. It was the textile industry, however, that was at the forefront of change. Inventions, from the spinning jenny to the power loom, changed the way cloth was woven and moved the weaver from the spinning wheel in the kitchen to the factory beside the river.
Water power first and then coal drove the machines that ran the mills that created the cities in which the workers lived. Wealth no longer depended on land, and workers, separated from the land, realized that they would have to unite in political action. The Reform Bill of 1832, the product of democratic impulses and changing economic conditions, was a first step in extending the right to vote. It increased the voting rolls by 57 percent, but the working class and some members of the lower middle classes were still unable to vote. In 1833, after the period ended, Parliament abolished slavery in the British Empire.


3. Definitions page 720, 722, 726

exotic- adj. foreign; strange or different in a way that is striking
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secular- adj. relating to worldly things as opposed to religion
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residential-adj. characterized by private homes
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privileged- adj. having rights or advantages denied to others
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institution- noun. established law, custom, or practice
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industrial- adj. of or connected with industries or manufacturing
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conventional- noun usually an adjective, it refers as a noun to whatever follows rules and is not original
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routine- noun. regular, customary procedure
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foibles- noun. small weakness in character

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4. Ideas That Would Not Die- The original message of the Revolution, the one that had thrilled Wordsworth, was that people were to be free in their personal lives and free to choose their government: that all people were equally "citizens". However subsequent actions perverted them, these ideas would not die.
In England, a group of men and women, mostly Quakers, led by William Wilberforce, were determined that one ancient social institution would be abolished. Thanks to them, slavery was ended in England and in the Empire.
The Reform Bill of 1832 is another manifestation of the process of peaceful revolution that transformed England. Behind it was the idea of extending the right to vote. The 1832 bill was a step in a journey that took nearly a century, but in the end gave all citizens voting rights.
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5. The Sonnet- Romantic poets revived the sonnet, which had virtually disappeared after Milton. Wordsworth uses it as a political form in "London, 1802," and Shelley as a visionary form in "Ozymandis" and in "Ode to the West wind," which is made up of linked sonnets.
The Ode- In addition, the Romantics brought to perfection one of the oldest forms of poetry, the ode. Odes were written by Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and, most notably, by the 24-year-old Keats.
The Byronic Hero- Lord Byron embodies in his life the spirit of age. A handsome, club-footed aristocrat who scorned the rules of society, he was described as "mad, bad, and dangerous to know." Byron created in his person and in his characters the Byronic Hero, mysterious, brooding, and threatening. That hero is the distant ancestor of today's mysterious outsiders, whether in film, literature, or the graphic novel.
The Gothic- Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, influenced by the relatively new tradition of the horror-filed Gothic novel. Frankenstein is the doctor, not the monster, and he acts out the great Romantic theme of going beyond the limit. The novel reveals what happens when a man's obsession makes him unable to imagine the consequences of his action.
Going beyond the limit was yet another expression of the Romantics' drive to escape the everyday, the routine, and the humdrum.
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6. Dialect- It is the language, and particularly the speech habits, of a specific social class, region, or group. A dialect may vary from the standard form of a language in grammar, in pronunciation, and in the use of certain expressions.
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Dominion- noun. rule; authority
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impudence- noun lack of shame; rudeness
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winsome- adj. having a charming appearance or way
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discretion- noun. good judgment; prudence
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inconstantly- adv. changeably; in a fickle way
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8. Ok
9. Ok
10. The speaker uncovers the mouse by
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14. Literature Response: Because I’m somewhat of a lazy person, I would be better off if these paragraphs were about what I wouldn’t do to get what I’m passionate about. However, within me is a strength, an endurance, that can weather a whole lot more than what people expect of me when I really want something. I’ve seen this fierceness in action, last summer infact. I really wanted to get to Memphis to study at the University of Tennessee for the summer and prepare for my senior year of high school. I wanted it so much that I detached myself from my family for the first time in my life, hoped on the Greyhound and rode for 30 consecutive hours, and caught a taxi to my dad’s place in order to visit the University. That was a great summer and I have no regrets with what I endured to capture it.
I would sacrifice a lot to get what I’m passionate about. Some things I would give up is my home life, my friends, and my location. For instance, if I was accepted into a college I would have to give those things up in order to go. I would give it up, because I’m passionate about attending college and kiss my home goodbye in order to go. Things I would not sacrifice are love, family, and freedom. When I say love, I mean a kind that really makes me feel complete. Something like love and freedom isn’t worth sacrificing because those are the main two things people desire most anyway.
15. Simile- comparing two apparently unlike things by using like or as
Metaphor- comparing two apparently unlike things without using like or as
Personification- giving human traits to something nonhuman
Oxymoron- juxtaposing two opposite or contradictory words that reveal an interesting truth
Imagery- Imagery is descriptive language that appeals to the sense of sight, hearing, touch, taste, or smell. The term imagery may refer to a literal description, as well as to figurative language that evokes sensory experiences. Examples of imagery include words like green, humming, cold, and peppery.
Sound devices- Use the sounds of language to add a musical quality to poetry
Repetition- repeated use of sounds, words, phrases, or sentences. Poets use repetition for emphasis as well as to create musical effect. There are four popular devices that rely on repetition; alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhyme, and assonance.
Alliteration- repetition of initial consonant sounds
Consonance- repetition of final vowel sounds
Assonance- repetition of similar vowel sounds
Rhyme- repetition of sounds at ends of words, which are rhymes that occur at the ends of lines.
Onomatopoeia- use of words that imitate sounds- for example, words like ring, boom, and growl
16. Ok
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18. Will use another page.
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19. I di



20. Vocabulary:
averred- verb. Stated to be true
Sojourn- verb. To stay for a while
Expiated- verb, atoned for, especially by suffering
reverence- noun. Deep respect
Sinuous- adj. bending; winding
Tumult- noun. Noise; commotion

21. Ok
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25. Vocabulary:
Verge- noun. Edge; rim
Sepulcher- noun. Tomb
Impulse- noun. Force driving forward
Blithe- adj. cheerful
Profuse- adj. abundant; pouring out
Satiety- noun. State of being filled with enough or more than enough
26. Three characteristics of poetic imagery:
-It appeals to any or all of the five sense.
- It sets the tone, the writer’s attitude toward the subject.
- It creates patterns supporting a poem’s theme, or central idea.
27. I think I will be around 30 or so when I hit the prime of my life. Honestly, I plan to be in college until I’m 24 and will be studying the whole time, which is not the most fun thing to do. I will have my career around the age of 25 or so and I’ll be getting used to that so I give it a good 5 years until I get used to that. I think I will be married by then, maybe even supporting a child by then. These are all the things that will most likely make my life happy and they play in the equation when figuring out my prime.
(Continue)

28. Ok.
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30. Ode- a lyric poem characterized by heightened emotion, that pays respect to a person or thing, usually directly addressed by the speaker
Pindaric ode- (named for the ancient Greek poet Pindar) uses group of three stanzas, one of which differs in form from the other two. Pindar’s odes celebrated victors at the Olympic games.
Horatian ode- (also called homostrophic), which contains only one type of stanza.
Irregular ode- has no set pattern
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31. Vocabulary:
Ken- noun. Range of sight or knowledge
Teeming- adj. filled to overflowing
Vintage- noun. Wine of fine quality
Gleaned- verb. Collected bit by bit, as when gathering stray grain after a harvest
Requiem- noun. Musical composition honoring the dead
Surmise- noun. Guess or assumption
32. OK.
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34. amiable- adj. friendly; agreeable
Vindication- noun. Act of justification or support of
Fortitude- noun. Courage; strength to endure
Gravity- noun. weight; seriousness
Specious- noun. deceptively attractive or valid; false
Fastidious- adj. particular; difficult to please
35. Iwo Jima.…http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090129193046AAmXTwZ (continue)
36. Ok
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The Victorian Period
1. “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way…” – Charles Dickens, from A Tale of Two Cities
2. 1833-1901
3. Two works published in Victoria’s reign proved as powerful as any of the machinery assembled for The Great Exposition. In 1848, as England watched while revolutions convulsed Europe, Karl Marx published The Communist manifesto. This pamphlet warned that there was “a spectre haunting Europe”. That “spectre” was communism, with its prophecy of political revolution. The other book, the work of a gentleman scientist who had seen evidence for biological evolution during his long sea voyage on HMS. Beagle, was On the Origin of Species. Supporters and attackers alike knew that after Charles Darwin’s work, our sense of ourselves and our place in the world would never be the same.
4. Key Historical Theme: Imperial Britain
5. – Under Victoria, Britain’s empire expanded, and Britain celebrated progress, prosperity, and peace.
- Darker stories linked to Britain’s empire included the Irish Potato Famine, widespread poverty at home, and the rise of Germany as a competing imperial power.
6. * An Elegy with Up-to-Dates Themes: Tennyson’s In Memoriam, A.H.H., his elegy for his friend Arthur Hallam, speaks to the problem of belief and doubt that was central to the age. In this poem, Tennyson’s struggles to come to terms with Hallam’s death at the age of twenty-two, asking whether a benevolent God or an indifferent nature directs the universe. About ten years before Darwin, he writes of “nature red in tooth and claw”. One of the most impressive aspects of this elegy is its engagement with the latest scientific discoveries. Be the end of the poem, however, Tennyson has regained his belief and declares his faith in a divine plan for the universe.
• The Sonnet: In Sonnet 43, Elizabeth Barrett Browning states her belief in the power of love, more positively than Matthew Arnold. She adds a distinctively Victorian note of piety, reverence, and religious belief to her love poem. Victorian poets were committed to the sonnet as were the Romantics and none more so than Gerard Manley Hopkins. A Catholic convert and Jesuit priest, he experimented with meter, he proclaims his faith in a divine presence in the world.
• The Dramatic Monologue: Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett’s husband, perfected the dramatic monologue. In this poetic form, a character is speaking to a silent listener and in the process revealing more about himself than he realizes. Browning’s strange and chilling speakers are the British cousins of Edgar Allan Poe’s mad narrators in stories like “The Cask of Amontillado” and “The Tell-Tale Heart”.
• The Novel: The dramatic monologue takes readers into the mind of a character, as does the popular Victorian genre, the novel. This genre was as central to the Victorian period as the drama was to the Elizabethan. Usually published serially in magazines, each new installment of a novel was eagerly awaited by all levels of society. The novel’s social commentary and realistic descriptions presented the Victorians to themselves.
The great theme of these novels is education: the depiction of a hero or heroine learning how to secure a proper place in society.

7. Vocabulary: chrysalis- noun. Third stage of development of a moth or butterfly
Diffusive- adj. tending to spread out
Prosper- verb. Thrive
Waning- verb. Gradually dimming or weakening
Prudence- noun. Careful management of resources; economy
Furrows- noun. Grooves, such as those made by a plow
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9. ok
10. Reading Check: When Lady Shalott sees Sir Lancelot in the mirror, she looks out the window, even though it is forbidden.
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13. countenance- noun. Face
Officious- adj. meddlesome
Munificence- noun. Lavish generosity
Eludes- verb. Avoids or escapes
Dowry- noun. Property a woman brings to her husband upon marriage
Sullen- adj. brooding; morose; sulky
14. Ok.
15. Reading Check: The duke and his listener are viewing a painting of his first wife who died after three years of marriage.
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17. Ok.
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21. Ok.
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23. A novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length and complexity, portraying characters and usually presenting a sequential organization of action and scenes.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/novel
24. monotonous- adj. without variation
Obstinate- adj. stubborn; dogged
Deficient- adj. lacking an essential quality
Adversary- noun. Opponent; enemy
Indignant- adj. outraged; filled with righteous anger
Approbation- noun. Official approval
Etymology- noun. The study of word origins
Syntax- noun the study of sentence structure

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26. Ok.
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29. Vocabulary- obscure- adj. not easily seen; not generally known
Sundry- adj. various; miscellaneous
Tumult- noun. Noise caused by a crowd
Truculent- adj. cruel, fierce
Comprised- verb. Consisted of; included

30. Ok.
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35. Vocabulary:
tranquil- adj. calm; serene; peaceful
Turbid- adj. muddy or cloudy; not clear
Cadence- noun. Measured movement
Dominion- noun. Rule; control
Awe- mixed feeling of reverence, fear, and wonder
Contrite- adj. willing to repent or atone

36. Ok
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39. Ok
40. Reading Check: The speaker is a woman wondering who is digging on her grave. Is it her loved one, her family, or an enemy? She discovers that it is none of them, that each has forgotten her.
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